The Management of Traumatic Spondylolisthesis of the Axis. A Classification Based on the Analysis of 131 Cases. Effendi B, Roy D, Cornish B, Dussault R, Laurin C. Management of Hangman's Fractures: A Systematic Review. Hangman's Fracture: A Historical and Biomechanical Perspective. Rayes M, Mittal M, Rengachary S, Mittal S. In the worst cases, it may result in deformation which can further lead to impairment in the movement of the affected area. This may result in shocking pain along with swelling and bruising in the affected region.
COMPOUND FRACTURE SKIN
Hangman's Fracture or Primary Spondylolysis: A Patient and a Brief Review. A compound fracture can be defined as the fracture in the bone that protrudes through the skin resulting in an external wound. Hangman's Fracture: Radiologic Assessment in 27 Cases.
Treatment can be bracing or, more typically, internal fixation. usually associated with anterolisthesis of C2 on C3Įxtension of the fracture to the transverse foramina should be sought, raising the possibility of vertebral artery injury.bilateral lamina and pedicle fracture at C2.The original classification system was described by Effendi 7, but the Levine and Edwards classification 8 which is a modified version of Effendi's system is the most commonly used system at the time of writing (April 2021). Major trauma in hyperextension, such as a high-speed motor vehicle accident, is, in fact, the most common association – especially in fatal cases. Strictly speaking, the fracture is misnamed and should more correctly be called 'hangee' fracture. An open fracture is one where there is a communication between the fracture and the outside world, ie, an associated laceration. Indeed, it was not even seen in many of those who were judicially hanged asphyxiation being the usual mode of death. The term 'hangman fracture' was introduced by Schneider in 1965 5. This fracture is virtually never seen in suicidal hanging. This is known as a 'judicial lesion' as these are the forces delivered by a noose, which, contrary to most ill-informed depictions, was placed with the knot towards the side of the neck, next to the angle of the mandible/ mastoid process. Neurological impairment is seen only in 25% of patients. Post-traumatic neck pain after a high-velocity hyperextension injury is the most common presentation. These injuries account for 4-7% of all cervical spine fractures and up to 22% of axis fractures 6.
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